See flour in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ottawa Valley",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "flouer"
},
{
"lang": "Ottawa Valley",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "floor"
},
{
"lang": "West Riding",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "flaar"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "flower"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ottawa Valley",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "flouer"
},
{
"lang": "Ottawa Valley",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "floor"
},
{
"lang": "West Riding",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "flaar"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "flour"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "flouer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "flour"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "floor"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "fflŵr"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fflwr"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "flur"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman flur",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "flōrem"
},
"expansion": "Latin flōrem",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman flur, from Latin flōrem, accusative of flōs. More at flower.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "floures",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fflour",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fflowr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fleur",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "flor",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "floure",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "flower",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "flowr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "flowre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "flowyr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "flur",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
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"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "floures"
},
"expansion": "flour (plural floures)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flourdelis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flouren"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "flourynge"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "floury"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lilie flour"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 18 5 12 8 6 5 5 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 14 14 14 15 5 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
159,
164
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
147,
153
]
],
"english": "When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:",
"text": "Whan that Auerill wᵗ his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour[…]",
"translation": "When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flower (often representing impermanence or beauty)"
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-6GcJdEd7",
"links": [
[
"flower",
"flower"
],
[
"impermanence",
"impermanence#English"
],
[
"beauty",
"beauty#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 18 5 12 8 6 5 5 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 14 14 14 15 5 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A depiction or likeness of a flower."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-SxbXVhkh",
"links": [
[
"depiction",
"depiction"
],
[
"likeness",
"likeness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 14 14 14 15 5 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 11 11 11 0 0 33 34 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [],
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}
],
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{
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29,
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],
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[
29,
33
]
],
"english": "Now that ship which bore the acme is / Rarely seen and quickly forgotten.",
"ref": "c. 1390, “Edward þe þridde”, in Sowlehele (Vernon Lyrics, Bodleian MS. Eng. poet. a. 1), Worcestershire, folio 411, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2019 January 10:",
"text": "Now is þat ſchip. þat bar þe flour. / Selden seȝe. and sone foꝛȝete.",
"translation": "Now that ship which bore the acme is / Rarely seen and quickly forgotten.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A virtue or benefit; something desirable:",
"That which is unparalleled; the top or most superior."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-qEFP40xm",
"links": [
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"desirable",
"desirable"
],
[
"unparalleled",
"unparalleled"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 4 6 16 20 23 2 2 3 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 18 5 12 8 6 5 5 5 13",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 14 14 14 15 5 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 11 11 11 0 0 33 34 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A virtue or benefit; something desirable:",
"An exemplar or example of a trait or behaviour."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-yV~XbU5X",
"links": [
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"desirable",
"desirable"
],
[
"exemplar",
"exemplar"
],
[
"example",
"example"
],
[
"trait",
"trait"
],
[
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"behaviour"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 3 78 14 0 0 0 6",
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"orig": "enm:Body",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 14 14 14 15 5 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 11 11 11 0 0 33 34 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A virtue or benefit; something desirable:",
"Success or achievement in a contest; victoriousness."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-EPhbOIpa",
"links": [
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"desirable",
"desirable"
],
[
"Success",
"success"
],
[
"achievement",
"achievement"
],
[
"victoriousness",
"victoriousness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 4 6 16 20 23 2 2 3 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 14 14 14 15 5 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Flour (i.e. the best part of a grain)"
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-nf78PClJ",
"links": [
[
"Flour",
"flour#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A powder; especially one which is white like flour."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-6yqOnam0",
"links": [
[
"powder",
"powder"
],
[
"white",
"white"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 11 11 11 0 0 33 34 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A woman's menstruation/period."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-b4BbYe8w",
"links": [
[
"menstruation",
"menstruation"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 11 11 11 0 0 33 34 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Virginity; sexual abstinence."
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-sbhGpIBz",
"links": [
[
"Virginity",
"virginity"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"abstinence",
"abstinence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Virginity; sexual abstinence."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fluːr/"
}
],
"word": "flour"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "flour",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "flor"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 4 6 16 20 23 2 2 3 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 18 5 12 8 6 5 5 5 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of flor"
],
"id": "en-flour-enm-noun-JVMAOd1v",
"links": [
[
"flor",
"flor#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "flour"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Body",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Grains",
"enm:Sex",
"sco:Flowers"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ottawa Valley",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "flouer"
},
{
"lang": "Ottawa Valley",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "floor"
},
{
"lang": "West Riding",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "flaar"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "flower"
},
{
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{
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "flouer"
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{
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "floor"
},
{
"lang": "West Riding",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "flaar"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "flour"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "flouer"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "flour"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "floor"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "fflŵr"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fflwr"
}
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "xno",
"3": "flur"
},
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"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "flōrem"
},
"expansion": "Latin flōrem",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman flur, from Latin flōrem, accusative of flōs. More at flower.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "floures",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fflour",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fflowr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "fleur",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "flor",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "floure",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "flower",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "flowr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "flowre",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "flowyr",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "flur",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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"2": "noun",
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"g2": "",
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"name": "head"
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"args": {
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},
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],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "flourdelis"
},
{
"word": "flouren"
},
{
"word": "flourynge"
},
{
"word": "floury"
},
{
"word": "lilie flour"
}
],
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{
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],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
159,
164
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],
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[
147,
153
]
],
"english": "When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]",
"ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:",
"text": "Whan that Auerill wᵗ his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour[…]",
"translation": "When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A flower (often representing impermanence or beauty)"
],
"links": [
[
"flower",
"flower"
],
[
"impermanence",
"impermanence#English"
],
[
"beauty",
"beauty#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A depiction or likeness of a flower."
],
"links": [
[
"depiction",
"depiction"
],
[
"likeness",
"likeness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
34
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
29,
33
]
],
"english": "Now that ship which bore the acme is / Rarely seen and quickly forgotten.",
"ref": "c. 1390, “Edward þe þridde”, in Sowlehele (Vernon Lyrics, Bodleian MS. Eng. poet. a. 1), Worcestershire, folio 411, recto; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2019 January 10:",
"text": "Now is þat ſchip. þat bar þe flour. / Selden seȝe. and sone foꝛȝete.",
"translation": "Now that ship which bore the acme is / Rarely seen and quickly forgotten.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A virtue or benefit; something desirable:",
"That which is unparalleled; the top or most superior."
],
"links": [
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"desirable",
"desirable"
],
[
"unparalleled",
"unparalleled"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A virtue or benefit; something desirable:",
"An exemplar or example of a trait or behaviour."
],
"links": [
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"desirable",
"desirable"
],
[
"exemplar",
"exemplar"
],
[
"example",
"example"
],
[
"trait",
"trait"
],
[
"behaviour",
"behaviour"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A virtue or benefit; something desirable:",
"Success or achievement in a contest; victoriousness."
],
"links": [
[
"virtue",
"virtue"
],
[
"benefit",
"benefit"
],
[
"desirable",
"desirable"
],
[
"Success",
"success"
],
[
"achievement",
"achievement"
],
[
"victoriousness",
"victoriousness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Flour (i.e. the best part of a grain)"
],
"links": [
[
"Flour",
"flour#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A powder; especially one which is white like flour."
],
"links": [
[
"powder",
"powder"
],
[
"white",
"white"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A woman's menstruation/period."
],
"links": [
[
"menstruation",
"menstruation"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Virginity; sexual abstinence."
],
"links": [
[
"Virginity",
"virginity"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"abstinence",
"abstinence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Virginity; sexual abstinence."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fluːr/"
}
],
"word": "flour"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Body",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Grains",
"enm:Sex",
"sco:Flowers"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "flour",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "flor"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of flor"
],
"links": [
[
"flor",
"flor#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "flour"
}
Download raw JSONL data for flour meaning in Middle English (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (e97c820 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.